Raku Types

This is a list of all built-in Types that are documented here as part of the Raku language. Use the above menu to narrow it down topically.

Name	Type	Description
AST	class	Abstract representation of a piece of source code
Any	class	Thing/object
Array	class	Sequence of itemized values
Associative	role	Object that supports looking up values by key
Attribute	class	Member variable
Backtrace	class	Snapshot of the dynamic call stack
Backtrace::Frame	class	Single frame of a Backtrace
Bag	class	Immutable collection of distinct objects with integer weights
BagHash	class	Mutable collection of distinct objects with integer weights
Baggy	role	Collection of distinct weighted objects
Blob	role	Immutable buffer for binary data ('Binary Large OBject')
Block	class	Code object with its own lexical scope
Bool	enum	Logical boolean
Buf	role	Mutable buffer for binary data
CX::Done	class	Done control exception
CX::Emit	class	Emit control exception
CX::Last	class	Last control exception
CX::Next	class	Next control exception
CX::Proceed	class	Proceed control exception
CX::Redo	class	Redo control exception
CX::Return	class	Return control exception
CX::Succeed	class	Succeed control exception
CX::Take	class	Take control exception
CX::Warn	class	Control exception warning
CallFrame	class	Captures the current frame state
Callable	role	Invocable code object
Cancellation	class	Removal of a task from a Scheduler before normal completion
Capture	class	Argument list suitable for passing to a Signature
Channel	class	Thread-safe queue for sending values from producers to consumers
Code	class	Code object
Collation	class	Encapsulates how strings are sorted
CompUnit	class	CompUnit
CompUnit::Repository	role	CompUnit::Repository
CompUnit::Repository::FileSystem	class	CompUnit::Repository::FileSystem
CompUnit::Repository::Installation	class	CompUnit::Repository::Installation
Compiler	class	Information related to the compiler that is being used
Complex	class	Complex number
ComplexStr	class	Dual value complex number and string
Cool	class	Object that can be treated as both a string and number
CurrentThreadScheduler	class	Scheduler that synchronously executes code on the current thread
Date	class	Calendar date
DateTime	class	Calendar date with time
Dateish	role	Object that can be treated as a date
Distribution	role	Distribution
Distribution::Hash	class	Distribution::Hash
Distribution::Locally	class	Distribution::Locally
Distribution::Path	class	Distribution::Path
Distro	class	Distribution related information
Duration	class	Length of time
Encoding	role	Support for character encodings.
Encoding::Registry	class	Management of available encodings
Endian	enum	Indicate endianness (6.d, 2018.12 and later)
Enumeration	role	Working with the role behind the enum type
Exception	class	Anomalous event capable of interrupting normal control-flow
Failure	class	Delayed exception
FatRat	class	Rational number (arbitrary-precision)
ForeignCode	class	Rakudo-specific class that wraps around code in other languages (generally NQP)
Grammar	class	Formal grammar made up of named regexes
Hash	class	Mapping from strings to itemized values
HyperSeq	class	An object for performing batches of work in parallel with ordered output
HyperWhatever	class	Placeholder for multiple unspecified values/arguments
IO	role	Input/output related routines
IO::ArgFiles	class	Iterate over contents of files specified on command line
IO::CatHandle	class	Use multiple IO handles as if they were one
IO::Handle	class	Opened file or stream
IO::Notification	class	Asynchronous notification for file and directory changes
IO::Path	class	File or directory path
IO::Path::Cygwin	class	IO::Path pre-loaded with IO::Spec::Cygwin
IO::Path::QNX	class	IO::Path pre-loaded with IO::Spec::QNX
IO::Path::Unix	class	IO::Path pre-loaded with IO::Spec::Unix
IO::Path::Win32	class	IO::Path pre-loaded with IO::Spec::Win32
IO::Pipe	class	Buffered inter-process string or binary stream
IO::Socket	role	Network socket
IO::Socket::Async	class	Asynchronous socket in TCP or UDP
IO::Socket::INET	class	TCP Socket
IO::Spec	class	Platform specific operations on file and directory paths
IO::Spec::Cygwin	class	Platform specific operations on file and directory paths for Cygwin
IO::Spec::QNX	class	Platform specific operations on file and directory paths QNX
IO::Spec::Unix	class	Platform specific operations on file and directory paths for POSIX
IO::Spec::Win32	class	Platform specific operations on file and directory paths for Windows
IO::Special	class	Path to special I/O device
Instant	class	Specific moment in time
Int	class	Integer (arbitrary-precision)
IntStr	class	Dual value integer and string
Iterable	role	Interface for container objects that can be iterated over
Iterator	role	Generic API for producing a sequence of values
Junction	class	Logical superposition of values
Kernel	class	Kernel related information
Label	class	Tagged location in the source code
List	class	Sequence of values
Lock	class	A low-level, re-entrant, mutual exclusion lock
Lock::Async	class	A non-blocking, non-re-entrant, mutual exclusion lock
Macro	class	Compile-time routine
Map	class	Immutable mapping from strings to values
Match	class	Result of a successful regex match
Metamodel::AttributeContainer	role	Metaobject that can hold attributes
Metamodel::C3MRO	role	Metaobject that supports the C3 method resolution order
Metamodel::ClassHOW	class	Metaobject representing a Perl 6 class.
Metamodel::ConcreteRoleHOW	class	Provides an implementation of a concrete instance of a role
Metamodel::CurriedRoleHOW	class	Support for parameterized roles that have not been instantiated
Metamodel::EnumHOW	class	Metaobject representing a Perl 6 enum.
Metamodel::Finalization	role	Metaobject supporting object finalization
Metamodel::MROBasedMethodDispatch	role	Metaobject that supports resolving inherited methods
Metamodel::MethodContainer	role	Metaobject that supports storing and introspecting methods
Metamodel::MultipleInheritance	role	Metaobject that supports multiple inheritance
Metamodel::Naming	role	Metaobject that supports named types
Metamodel::PackageHOW	class	Metaobject representing a Perl 6 package.
Metamodel::ParametricRoleGroupHOW	role	Represents a group of roles with different parameterizations
Metamodel::ParametricRoleHOW	role	Represents a non-instantiated, parameterized, role.
Metamodel::Primitives	class	Metaobject that supports low-level type operations
Metamodel::PrivateMethodContainer	role	Metaobject that supports private methods
Metamodel::RoleContainer	role	Metaobject that supports holding/containing roles
Metamodel::RolePunning	role	Metaobject that supports punning of roles.
Metamodel::Trusting	role	Metaobject that supports trust relations between types
Metamodel::Versioning	role	Metaobjects that support versioning
Method	class	Member function
Mix	class	Immutable collection of distinct objects with Real weights
MixHash	class	Mutable collection of distinct objects with Real weights
Mixy	role	Collection of distinct objects with Real weights
Mu	class	The root of the Perl 6 type hierarchy.
NFC	class	Codepoint string in Normal Form C (composed)
NFD	class	Codepoint string in Normal Form D (decomposed)
NFKC	class	Codepoint string in Normal Form KC (compatibility composed)
NFKD	class	Codepoint string in Normal Form KD (compatibility decomposed)
Nil	class	Absence of a value or a benign failure
Num	class	Floating-point number
NumStr	class	Dual value floating-point number and string
Numeric	class	Number or object that can act as a number
ObjAt	class	Unique identification for an object
Order	enum	Human readable form for comparison operators.
Pair	class	Key/value pair
Parameter	class	Element of a Signature
Perl	class	Perl related information
Pod::Block	class	Block in a Pod document
Pod::Block::Code	class	Verbatim code block in a Pod document
Pod::Block::Comment	class	Comment in a Pod document
Pod::Block::Declarator	class	Declarator block in a Pod document
Pod::Block::Named	class	Named block in a Pod document
Pod::Block::Para	class	Paragraph in a Pod document
Pod::Block::Table	class	Table in a Pod document
Pod::Defn	class	Pod definition list
Pod::FormattingCode	class	Pod formatting code
Pod::Heading	class	Heading in a Pod document
Pod::Item	class	Item in a Pod enumeration list
Positional	role	Object that supports looking up values by index
PositionalBindFailover	role	Failover for binding to a Positional
PredictiveIterator	role	Iterators that can predict number of values
Proc	class	Running process (filehandle-based interface)
Proc::Async	class	Running process (asynchronous interface)
Promise	class	Status/result of an asynchronous computation
Proxy	class	Item container with custom storage and retrieval
PseudoStash	class	Stash type for pseudo-packages
QuantHash	role	Object hashes with limitation on type of value
RaceSeq	class	Performs batches of work in parallel without respecting original order.
Range	class	Interval of ordered values
Rat	class	Rational number (limited-precision)
RatStr	class	Dual value rational number and string
Rational	role	Number stored as numerator and denominator
Real	role	Non-complex number
Regex	class	String pattern
Routine	class	Code object with its own lexical scope and return handling
Routine::WrapHandle	class	Holds all information needed to unwrap a wrapped routine.
Scalar	class	A mostly transparent container used for indirections
Scheduler	role	Scheme for automatically assigning tasks to threads
Semaphore	class	Control access to shared resources by multiple threads
Seq	class	An iterable, lazy sequence of values
Sequence	role	Operations for higher-level sequences
Set	class	Immutable collection of distinct objects
SetHash	class	Mutable collection of distinct objects
Setty	role	Collection of distinct objects
Signature	class	Parameter list pattern
Slip	class	A kind of List that automatically flattens into an outer container
Stash	class	Table for "our"-scoped symbols
Str	class	String of characters
StrDistance	class	Contains the result of a string transformation.
Stringy	role	String or object that can act as a string
Sub	class	Subroutine
Submethod	class	Member function that is not inherited by subclasses
Supplier	class	Live Supply factory
Supplier::Preserving	class	Cached live Supply factory
Supply	class	Asynchronous data stream with multiple subscribers
Systemic	role	Information related to the build system
Tap	class	Subscription to a Supply
Telemetry	class	Collect performance state for analysis
Telemetry::Instrument::Thread	class	Instrument for collecting Thread data
Telemetry::Instrument::ThreadPool	class	Instrument for collecting ThreadPoolScheduler data
Telemetry::Instrument::Usage	class	Instrument for collecting getrusage data
Telemetry::Period	class	Performance data over a period
Telemetry::Sampler	class	Telemetry instrument pod
Test	module	Writing and running tests
Thread	class	Concurrent execution of code (low-level)
ThreadPoolScheduler	class	Scheduler that distributes work among a pool of threads
UInt	class	Unsigned integer (arbitrary-precision)
Uni	class	A string of Unicode codepoints
VM	class	Perl 6 Virtual Machine related information
ValueObjAt	class	Unique identification for value types
Variable	class	Object representation of a variable for use in traits
Version	class	Module version descriptor
Whatever	class	Placeholder for the value of an unspecified argument
WhateverCode	class	Code object constructed by Whatever-currying
X::AdHoc	class	Error with a custom message
X::Anon::Augment	class	Compilation error due to augmenting an anonymous package
X::Anon::Multi	class	Compilation error due to declaring an anonymous multi
X::Assignment::RO	class	Exception thrown when trying to assign to something read-only
X::Attribute::NoPackage	class	Compilation error due to declaring an attribute outside of a package
X::Attribute::Package	class	Compilation error due to declaring an attribute in an ineligible package
X::Attribute::Required	class	Compilation error due to not declaring an attribute with the is required trait
X::Attribute::Undeclared	class	Compilation error due to an undeclared attribute
X::Augment::NoSuchType	class	Compilation error due to augmenting a non-existing type
X::Bind	class	Error due to binding to something that is not a variable or container
X::Bind::NativeType	class	Compilation error due to binding to a natively typed variable
X::Bind::Slice	class	Error due to binding to a slice
X::Caller::NotDynamic	class	Error while trying to access a non dynamic variable through CALLER
X::Channel::ReceiveOnClosed	class	Error due to calling receive on a closed channel
X::Channel::SendOnClosed	class	Error due to calling send on a closed channel
X::Comp	role	Common role for compile-time errors
X::Composition::NotComposable	class	Compilation error due to composing an ineligible type
X::Constructor::Positional	class	Error due to passing positional arguments to a default constructor
X::Control	class	Role for control exceptions
X::ControlFlow	class	Error due to calling a loop control command in an ineligible scope
X::ControlFlow::Return	class	Error due to calling return outside a routine
X::DateTime::TimezoneClash	class	Error due to using both time zone offset and :timezone
X::Declaration::Scope	class	Compilation error due to a declaration with an ineligible scope
X::Declaration::Scope::Multi	class	Compilation error due to declaring a multi with an ineligible scope
X::Does::TypeObject	class	Error due to mixing into a type object
X::Dynamic::NotFound	class	Runtime error thrown when a dynamic variable does not exist
X::Eval::NoSuchLang	class	Error due to specifying an unknown language for EVAL
X::Export::NameClash	class	Compilation error due to exporting the same symbol twice
X::IO	role	IO related error
X::IO::Chdir	class	Error while trying to change the working directory
X::IO::Chmod	class	Error while trying to change file permissions
X::IO::Copy	class	Error while trying to copy a file
X::IO::Cwd	class	Error while trying to determine the current working directory
X::IO::Dir	class	Error while trying to get a directory's contents
X::IO::DoesNotExist	class	Error while doing file tests on a non existing path
X::IO::Link	class	Error while trying to create a link
X::IO::Mkdir	class	Error while trying to create a directory
X::IO::Move	class	Error while trying to move a file
X::IO::Rename	class	Error while trying to rename a file or directory
X::IO::Rmdir	class	Error while trying to remove a directory
X::IO::Symlink	class	Error while trying to create a symbolic link
X::IO::Unlink	class	Error while trying to remove a file
X::Inheritance::NotComposed	class	Error due to inheriting from a type that's not composed yet
X::Inheritance::Unsupported	class	Compilation error due to inheriting from an ineligible type
X::Method::InvalidQualifier	class	Error due to calling a qualified method from an ineligible class
X::Method::NotFound	class	Error due to calling a method that isn't there
X::Method::Private::Permission	class	Compilation error due to calling a private method without permission
X::Method::Private::Unqualified	class	Compilation error due to an unqualified private method call
X::Mixin::NotComposable	class	Error due to using an ineligible type as a mixin
X::NYI	class	Error due to use of an unimplemented feature
X::NoDispatcher	class	Error due to calling a dispatch command in an ineligible scope
X::Numeric::Real	class	Error while trying to coerce a number to a Real type
X::OS	role	Error reported by the operating system
X::Obsolete	class	Compilation error due to use of obsolete syntax
X::OutOfRange	class	Error due to indexing outside of an allowed range
X::Package::Stubbed	class	Compilation error due to a stubbed package that is never defined
X::Parameter::Default	class	Compilation error due to an unallowed default value in a signature
X::Parameter::MultipleTypeConstraints	class	Compilation error due to a parameter with multiple type constraints
X::Parameter::Placeholder	class	Compilation error due to an unallowed placeholder in a signature
X::Parameter::Twigil	class	Compilation error due to an unallowed twigil in a signature
X::Parameter::WrongOrder	class	Compilation error due to passing parameters in the wrong order
X::Phaser::Multiple	class	Compilation error due to multiple phasers of the same type
X::Phaser::PrePost	class	Error due to a false return value of a PRE/POST phaser
X::Placeholder::Block	class	Compilation error due to a placeholder in an ineligible block
X::Placeholder::Mainline	class	Compilation error due to a placeholder in the mainline
X::Pod	role	Pod related error
X::Proc::Async	role	Exception thrown by Proc::Async
X::Proc::Async::AlreadyStarted	class	Error due to calling start on an already started Proc::Async object
X::Proc::Async::BindOrUse	class	Error due to trying to bind a handle that is also used
X::Proc::Async::CharsOrBytes	class	Error due to tapping the same Proc::Async stream for both text and binary reading
X::Proc::Async::MustBeStarted	class	Error due to interacting with a Proc::Async stream before spawning its process
X::Proc::Async::OpenForWriting	class	Error due to writing to a read-only Proc::Async object
X::Proc::Async::TapBeforeSpawn	class	Error due to tapping a Proc::Async stream after spawning its process
X::Proc::Unsuccessful	class	Exception thrown if a Proc object is sunk after the process it ran exited unsuccessfully
X::Promise::CauseOnlyValidOnBroken	class	Error due to asking why an unbroken promise has been broken.
X::Promise::Vowed	class	Error due to directly trying to keep/break a vowed promise.
X::Redeclaration	class	Compilation error due to declaring an already declared symbol
X::Role::Initialization	class	Error due to passing an initialization value to an ineligible role
X::Scheduler::CueInNaNSeconds	class	Error caused by passing NaN to Scheduler.cue as :at, :in, or :every
X::Seq::Consumed	class	Error due to trying to reuse a consumed sequence
X::Sequence::Deduction	class	Error due to constructing a sequence from ineligible input
X::Signature::NameClash	class	Compilation error due to two named parameters with the same name
X::Signature::Placeholder	class	Compilation error due to placeholders in a block with a signature
X::Str::Numeric	class	Error while trying to coerce a string to a number
X::StubCode	class	Runtime error due to execution of stub code
X::Syntax	role	Syntax error thrown by the compiler
X::Syntax::Augment::WithoutMonkeyTyping	class	Compilation error due to augmenting a type without the MONKEY-TYPING pragma
X::Syntax::Comment::Embedded	class	Compilation error due to a malformed inline comment
X::Syntax::Confused	class	Compilation error due to unrecognized syntax
X::Syntax::InfixInTermPosition	class	Compilation error due to an infix in term position
X::Syntax::Malformed	class	Compilation error due to a malformed construct (usually a declarator)
X::Syntax::Missing	class	Compilation error due to a missing piece of syntax
X::Syntax::NegatedPair	class	Compilation error due to passing an argument to a negated colonpair
X::Syntax::NoSelf	class	Compilation error due to implicitly using a self that is not there
X::Syntax::Number::RadixOutOfRange	class	Compilation error due to an unallowed radix in a number literal
X::Syntax::P5	class	Compilation error due to use of Perl 5-only syntax
X::Syntax::Perl5Var	class	Compilation error due to use of Perl 5-only default variables
X::Syntax::Regex::Adverb	class	Compilation error due to an unrecognized regex adverb
X::Syntax::Regex::SolitaryQuantifier	class	Compilation error due to a regex quantifier without preceding atom
X::Syntax::Reserved	class	Compilation error due to use of syntax reserved for future use
X::Syntax::Self::WithoutObject	class	Compilation error due to invoking self in an ineligible scope
X::Syntax::Signature::InvocantMarker	class	Compilation error due to a misplaced invocant marker in a signature
X::Syntax::Term::MissingInitializer	class	Compilation error due to declaring a term without initialization
X::Syntax::UnlessElse	class	Compilation error due to an unless clause followed by else
X::Syntax::Variable::Match	class	Compilation error due to declaring a match variable
X::Syntax::Variable::Numeric	class	Compilation error due to declaring a numeric symbol
X::Syntax::Variable::Twigil	class	Compilation error due to an unallowed twigil in a declaration
X::Temporal	role	Error related to DateTime or Date
X::Temporal::InvalidFormat	class	Error due to using an invalid format when creating a DateTime or Date
X::TypeCheck	class	Error due to a failed type check
X::TypeCheck::Assignment	class	Error due to a failed type check during assignment
X::TypeCheck::Binding	class	Error due to a failed type check during binding
X::TypeCheck::Return	class	Error due to a failed typecheck during return
X::TypeCheck::Splice	class	Compilation error due to a macro trying to splice a non-AST value
X::Undeclared	class	Compilation error due to an undeclared symbol
atomicint	class	Integer (native storage at the platform's atomic operation size)
int	class	Native integer
utf8	class	Mutable uint8 buffer for utf8 binary data